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SKILL 8: FIND DEFINITIONS FROM STRUCTURAL CLUES


When you are asked to determine the meaning of a word in the reading section it is possible (1) that the passage provides information about the meaning of the word, and (2) that there are structural clues to tell you that the definition of the word is included in the passage.

Example:


STRUCTURAL CLUES
HOW TO IDENTIFY THE QUESTIONWhat is the meaning of “X” in line Y?
The word “X” in line Y is closest in meaning to…
The word “X” in line Y could best to replaced by…
TYPES OF CLUESPunctuationcomma, parentheses, dashes
Restatementor, that is, in other words, i.e.
Examplessuch as, for example, e.g.
WHERE TO FIND THE ANSWERInformation to help you determine what something means will generally be found the punctuation clue, the restatement clue, or the example clue.
HOW TO ANSWER THE QUESTION
  1. Find the word in the passage.
  2. Locate any structural clues.
  3. Read the part of the passage after the structural clue carefully.
  4. Eliminate any definitely wrong answers and choose the best answer from the remaining choices.
Example :
The passage:



Line
(5)
One of the leading schools of psychological thought in the twentieth century is behaviorism-the belief that the role of the psychologist is to study behavior, which is observable, rather than conscious or unconscious thought, which is not. Probably the best-known proponent of behaviorism is B.F. Skinner, who is famous for his research on how positive and negative reinforcement influence behavior. He came to believe that positive reinforcement such as praise, food, or money were more effective in promoting good behavior than negative reinforcement, or punishment.
The question:
 In “behaviorism” in line 2, a psychologist is concerned with
(A)   conscious thought patterns
(B)   unconscious thought patterns
(C)   observable actions
(D)   unobservable actions

This question asks about the meaning of the word behaviorism. To answer this question, you should look at the part of the passage following the wordbehaviorism. The dash punctuation (-) indicates that a definition or further information about behaviorism is going to follow. In the information following the dash, you should see that the behaviorist is interested in behavior, which is observable, so the best answer to this question is answer C.

For more information watch the video:


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u569RBRmtZg

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